Cambodia's climate ? like that of the rest of Southeast Asia ? is dominated by the monsoons, which are known as tropical wet and dry because of the distinctly marked seasonal differences. In summer, moisture? laden air? the southwest monsoon ? is drawn landward from the Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Thailand. The southwest monsoon brings the rainy season from mid? May to mid? September or to early October, and the northeast monsoon flow of drier and cooler air lasts from early November to March and then hotter air prevails in April and early May. 

The southern third of the country has a two-month dry season; the northern two-thirds, a four-month one. Temperatures are fairly uniform throughout the Tonle Sap Basin area, with only small variations from the average annual mean of around 25ºC. The maximum mean is about 28ºC and the minimum mean, about 22ºC. Maximum temperatures of higher than 32ºC, however, are common and, just before the start of the rainy season, they may rise to more than 38ºC. Minimum temperatures rarely fall below 10ºC.

January is the coldest month, and April is the warmest. Typhoons ? tropical cyclones ? that often devastate coastal Cambodia rarely cause damages in Cambodia. The total annual rainfall average is between 100 and 150 centimeters, and the heaviest amounts fall in the southeast.

Rainfall from April to September in the Tonle Sap Basin of Mekong Lowlands area averages 130 to 190 centimeters annually, but the amount varies considerably from year to year. Rainfall around the basin increases with elevation. It is heavier in the mountains along the coast in the southwest, which receive from 250 to more than 500 centimeters of precipitation annually as the southwest monsoon reaches the coast. This area of greatest rainfall, however, drains mostly to the sea; only a small quantity goes into the rivers flowing into the basin.

The relative humidity is high at night throughout the year; usually it exceeds 90%. During the daytime in the dry season, humidity averages about 50% or slightly lower, but it may remain about 60% in the rainy period.